GeMMA （ Genetically Modified Organisms Proficiency Testing Scheme ）
转基因产品熟练水平测试体系
对食品中转基因物质分析过程的熟练水平测试 。
GeMMA 体系是在 2000 年建立起来的。最初是作为系列 23 被加到 FAPAS ? 体系里，从 2001 年 4 月起， GeMMA 体系从 FAPAS ? 体系中独立出来，并形成了一个单独的测试体系。
EC 法规第 1139/98 号法案要求含有转基因物质的食品必须明确标明其成分。上个世纪末，欧洲委员会通过标签法则，即所有转基因配料含量超过 1% 的产品均应明确加贴标签以标识其成分。这一加贴标识标准目前已被各个国家广泛采用。有鉴于此，各个实验室需要确保实验室对转基因物质进行检测分析的准确性和可靠性。
GeMMA 体系组织
每一次 GeMMA 熟练水平测试被称为一轮测试。 在大豆、玉米等食品中，对于转基因物质的分析包含很多不同轮次的测试，而每轮测试都有类似的模式：
• 分发测试样品到参加评测的实验室。
• 参评单位测试这些样品并将测试结果报告提交给熟练水平测试集团 Proficiency Testing Group （以下简称 PTG ）。
• PTG 对各参评单位的测试结果进行统计分析，并做出评价报告。
• PTG 寄给每个参评单位一份保密的评测报告。
所有的测试样品都是真正的食物样品，包括奶粉和快餐食品。每一轮测试结束后，都会有很多的测试样品被保留下来以备出售。
GeMMA 报告特点：
• 完全保密。
• 信息非常丰富：包括所有参加评测单位所使用方法的详细资料。
• 统计科学：完全可靠的测试能力评价。
• 综合全面：可与其他参评单位共同比较分析。
GeMMA 体系可使实验室具备以下能力：
• 证明自身的测试技术能力和水平符合国际标准。
• 用独立的标准评价用户，校正单位和其他评价单位，是否达到国际级标准。
• 完善内部质量控制体系，发现实验检测中的问题或潜在问题：如测试方法、仪器设备、标准物质和试剂以及测试人员的操作等；并可供外部体系评价。
• 通过对其他实验室的能力监测，完善内部分析控制。
• 验证实验方法的可靠性，并对试验结果的有效性提供客观评价。
• 可针对某一分析，对用不同测试方法的各单位的能力进行比较和验证。
其他 GeMMA 服务：
• 提供最适合培训的测试样品。
• 全方位的咨询和疑难求助服务。
• 为各组织提供封闭熟练水平测试体系的管理。
• 每一轮测试结束后，都会有很多的测试样品被保留下来以备出售。
The Need for Proficiency Testing of the analysis of GM material in food.
EC Regulation 1139/98 requires compulsory labelling of foodstuffs containing GM ingredients. It is likely that a recently agreed European Commission proposal, that a 1% de-minimus threshold level should be set for labelling of ingredients from non-GM sources, will be enforced in the near future. In light of this there is increasing pressure on laboratories to ensure that reliable and accurate analysis is carried out.
Organisation of GeMMA Scheme
Individual GeMMA Scheme proficiency tests are referred to as 'rounds'. There are different 'rounds' for the anlysis of GMO material in soya, maize, etc. Each round has a similar pattern:
- Test materials are distributed to participating laboratories
- Participants analyse test materials and report results to PTG
- PTG carry out statistical analysis of results, assess performance of each participant and produce the round report
- A confidential round report is sent to each participant
The test materials are real food samples, including milk powder and snack foods. Many of the test materials are available for sale after a round has been completed.
GeMMA Scheme Reports are:
- Totally confidential
- Highly informative - details of methods used by all participants are included
- Statistically sound - a reliable assessment of performance
- Comprehensive - enabling comparison with other participants
Participation in GeMMA Scheme enables laboratories to:
- Demonstrate commitment to high quality standards by providing customers, regulators and accreditation bodies with independent assessment criteria.
- Demonstrate that internal quality systems are independently and externally assessed.
- Supplement internal analytical controls via performance monitoring against other laboratories.
- Provide an objective assessment of the reliability of a laboratory's methods and the validity of its results.
- Compare the performance of different methods used by participants for a particular analysis
Other GeMMA Scheme services include:
- Production of materials suitable for training purposes
- Full advisory/trouble shooting service
- Administration of closed proficiency testing schemes for organisations
- Most test materials are available for sale after a round has been completed
The Genetically Modified Organisms Proficiency Testing Scheme - GeMMA Scheme - was established in 2000. Initially these proficiency tests were added to the FAPAS ? programme, as Series 23, but since April 2001 they have been administered as a completely separate scheme.
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